Design and Control of a Hybrid Battery–Supercapacitor Energy Storage System for Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicles

Dr. A.S. Mane
Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Awsari, Pune- 412405, Maharashtra, , IN

Keywords: Battery, Supercapacitor, Boost converter, Three phase VSI, BLDC motor, EV, SOC

Abstract

The automobile industry is heavily dependent on renewable energy sources for the generation of power for electric vehicles due to the substantial growth in price as well as the demand for non-renewable energy sources. Battery is the most crucial and expensive component in an EV. The initial problem with EVs, today is range anxiety because current EVs only have a limited range to reach a specific distance before needing to be recharged. A supercapacitor module that serves as the regenerative braking system's energy storage system in EVs. Due to their outstanding power density and SOC properties, supercapacitors are taken into consideration. The Numerous factors, including the battery's state of charge (SOC) and braking intensity, have an impact on the regenerative braking system. Electric motors, a battery pack, a supercapacitor, and a DC/DC convertermake up the system. The energy storage devices are the supercapacitor and the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery. A supercapacitor is added to the system in order to maximize the energy from regenerative braking and guard against battery damage from high currents. The process is broken down into three subprocesses to protect the battery from damage. Braking energy is immediately stored in the battery pack if the braking current is less than the charging current threshold. In the third process, when the EV is not braking, the current from the supercapacitor is fed back to the battery in the form of low current. Otherwise, the braking energy is stored in the supercapacitor to obtain more braking energy and prevent battery damage from large current

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