WATER SUPPLY TUNNEL PROJECT USING TBM

Abstract

Water is a basic prerequisite for any life on earth. From ancient times, man placed his permanent settlements only on locations, where water was available during the whole course of the year. Along its evolution, mankind learnt to utilize water in multiple manners, for its needs and benefits. As the early settlements grew to cities, the demand for potable as well as industrial water rose in analogy to their populations. Soon, the available water resources of the urban areas did not satisfy the requirements of the citizens any more. The communities began to search for water resources outside of the city limits and with the rising demands the distances of conveyance elongated. Thus, since ancient times, the design, construction and operation of artificial water supply systems for the big cities is amongst one of the most interesting assignments of civil engineering and, quite often, either of tunnelling.