ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

Abstract

In the present study, Shrimp ponds are considered at Koduru village, near Gudivada, Krishna District. In the study areas Litopenaeus Vannamei Shrimp is being cultured. The water quality in the ponds were analysed during the culture period when water exchange is conducted every 15 days. During harvest time, entire pond is drained off and the water quality is also monitored during the harvest. The quantity of effluent generated during the harvest time is 1,31,625 m3 . Every fortnight water samples were collected at pond outlets and monitored the water quality parameters such as pH, DO, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Ammonia, Nitrites, Nitrates, Phosphates. The values are compared with the standard guidelines prescribed by the Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA). The project mainly focuses on the treatment of effluent by using Phytoremediation technique which is first of the kind to use aqua effluents for Phytoremediation practice. The variety of plants like Eichhornia Crassipes, Pistia Stratiotes, were used for demo and pilot scale experimentation purpose. The effluent or wastewater during harvest period is collected, a small quantity of wastewater or effluent is taken into a small container or tub an aquatic plants or species were introduced. The water quality in the tub was monitored initially, after 7 days, 15 days, 21days, 30 days for the parameters pH, DO, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Ammonia, Nitrites, Nitrates, Phosphates and the results were tabulated.
By using Pistia Stratiotes higher removal efficiencies of 91.54% for TSS, 64.01% for TDS, 93.3% for BOD, 94.68% for Ammonia, 78.9% for Nitrites, 82.9 % for Nitrates was achieved. The COD removal efficiency of 83.33% was achieved by using Eichhornia Crassipes where as 78.47% efficiency was achieved by using Pistia Stratiotes. The phosphates removal efficiency was 98.11% by using Pistia Stratiotes. The biomass gain for Pistia Stratiotes was 982 grams/m 2 whereas by using Eichhornia Crassipes was only 933 grams/m2. The biomass produced can be harvested periodically, which can be used in generation of biofuel, which is an environmentally friendly technology. Finally, the pilot scale experimentation is successful and achieved satisfactory performance along with growth of biomass.