A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE SOIL USING SOLID INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Abstract

Expansive soil is a term applied to any rock or soil that has a potential for shrinking or swelling under
changing moisture condition (Nelson and Miller, 1992)13. Severe damage occur to structure founded on expansive
soil. Soil stabilization is defined as process by which a soil material is improved and made more stable by increasing
the bearing capacity of soil (Joel and Agbede, 2011)8
. Black Cotton soil are inorganic clays and occur in central and
western part of India and covers nearly 20% of the country’s area. These soil are very high when dry but loses its
entire strength when comes in contact with moisture. It is generally observed that these soil develop deep cracks of
varying depth when dry. As a result of wetting and drying process, some vertical movement takes place of the soil mass
and leads to failure of pavement, in form of settlement, heavy depression, cracking and unevenness.
These soils are highly clayey and is so hard that clods cannot be easily pulverized for treatment for its use in pavement
and poses a problem regarding performance of road. Softened subgrade has a tendency to heave up into upper layers
of pavement, when sub-base has a lot of voids. Roads laid on BC soil develop undulation on road surface due to loss
of strength of subgrade due to being soft during monsoon. The black colour of the soil is due to presence of titaniumoxide in small quantity. BC soil has high percentage of clay, predominantly montmorillonite in structure and is
blackish-grey in colour. Nearly 40-60% of soil is less than 0.001mm, and at liquid limit the volume change is of order
of 200-300% which results in swelling pressure of 8-10kg/m2
. Therefore the soil has very low bearing capability and
forms a very poor foundation material for pavement because of its high swelling and shrinking. Soaked CBR is
between 2-4% and thus one can construct a pavement of it but one needs to provide excessive pavement thickness.
The objective of the paper is to review the literature on stabilization of expansive soil using Solid Industrial waste
which includes Fly ash, Cement Kiln dust (CKD), Phosphogypsum (PG) and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS).