INTERNET OF THINGS IN AGRICULTURE: A SURVEY

Abstract

IoT has the capability to influence the world we live in; advanced industries, connected vehicles, and
smarter cities are all components of the IoT equation. However, applying technology like IoT to the agriculture
industry could have the greatest impact.The global population is set to touch 9.6 billion by 2050. So, to feed this much
population, the farming industry must embrace IoT. Against the challenges such as extreme weather conditions and
rising climate change, and environmental impact resulting from intensive farming practices, the demand for more
food has to be met.Smart farming based on IoT technologies will enable growers and farmers to reduce waste and
enhance productivity ranging from the quantity of fertilizer utilized to the number of journeys the farm vehicles have
made.In IoT-based smart farming, a system is built for monitoring the crop field with the help of sensors (light,
humidity, temperature, soil moisture, etc.) and automating the irrigation system. The farmers can monitor the field
conditions from anywhere. IoT-based smart farming is highly efficient when compared with the conventional
approach.The applications of IoT-based smart farming not only target conventional, large farming operations, but
could also be new levers to uplift other growing or common trends in agricultural like organic farming, family
farming (complex or small spaces, particular cattle and/or cultures, preservation of particular or high quality varieties
etc.), and enhance highly transparent farming Greenhouse, [1], [2] being a closed structure protects the plants from
extreme weather conditions namely: wind, hailstorm, ultraviolet radiations, and insect and pest attacks. The irrigation
of agriculture field is carried out using automatic drip irrigation, which operates according to the soil moisture
threshold set accordingly so as optimal amount of water is applied to the plants. Based on data from soil health card,
proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals can be applied by using drip fertigation
techniques. Proper water management tanks are constructed and they are filled with water after measuring the
current water level using an ultrasonic sensor. Plants are also provided the requisite wavelength light during the night
using growing lights. Temperature and air humidity are controlled by humidity and temperature sensors and a fogger
is used to control the same. A tube well is controlled using GSM [3] module (missed call or sms). Bee-hive boxes are
deployed for pollination and boxes are monitored using ultrasonic sensors to measure honey and send mails to the
buyers when they are filled.