Morphometric Analysis Using Arc GIS Techniques A Case Study of Chamarajanagara District, Karanataka, India

D.H Yashasvini
PG Student,Dept. of Civil Engineerin,The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, India, , IN

Dr. P.N Chandramouli
PG Student,Dept. of Civil Engineerin,The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, India, , IN

Dr. Shivakumar Naiklal
PG Student,Dept. of Civil Engineerin,The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, India, , IN

Keywords: Chamarajanagara District, Subwatersheds, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Watershed delineation, Stream order, Stream number, Stream length, Bifurcation ratio, Length of stream orders, Stream length ratio, Mean stream length ratio, Drainage density, Form factor, Drainage texture and Elongation ratio

Abstract

Morphometric Anaysis is the measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of Earth surface, shape and dimensions of its landforms. Morphometric analysis gives overall view of the terrain information like hydrological, lithological, slope, relief, variations in the watershed, ground water recharge, porosity, soil characteristics, flood peak, rock resistant, permeability and runoff intensity and is useful for geological, hydrological, ground water prospects, civil engineering and environmental studies. The main objective of this study is to find the watershed characteristics and stream properties from the measurement of various stream attributes. The watershed analysis is done aspect wise such as linear aspects and aerial aspects. The linear aspects include stream order, stream number, stream length, and bifurcation ratio, mean length of stream orders, stream length ratio and mean stream length ratio. Areal aspects comprise drainage density, form factor, drainage texture and elongation ratio. Morphometric analysis of Chamarajanagara district is carried out using Arc GIS (10.2) software. The analysis reveals that in entire Chamarajanagara district has been divided into 17 subwatersheds with stream order varying from 1 to 7. The study area is having uniform lithology and structurally permeable. The low drainage density of all subwatersheds indicates that the study area indicates less surface runoff. An immense control of
structure on the drainage in found in some subwatersheds is indicated by their high bifurcation ratios. The analysis
also indicates that the subwatersheds are having drainage texture varying from course to fine texture. Elongation
ratio and form factor shows that the subwatersheds have elongated to circular shapes. From the integrated
morphometric analysis, important hydrologic characteristics of 17 subwatersheds could be inferred.

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