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Vol.5, Issue 8 — Issue 8 2019 39 papers
01

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-14B4B6

A STUDY TO USE OF WASTE MATERIAL IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE (BC)”

Ram Niwas , Deepak Mathur, Dr. Sheetal Agarwal · Department of civil engineering & Rajasthan technical university, IN

Abstract Development of any country is not possible without Connectivity of roads. Roads are the easy mode of transport to goods and passengers from one place to each place. Roads make a fundamental contribution to economic development and social benefits. It is more elastic other than transport. The main purpose of design the bituminous mix is to get the result in many terms like Durability and Resistitivity to deterioration. The safety of nature (environmental) is a Largest issue with the developing road networks. A mix designer always tries to achieve the optimum value of results through a number of tests and various proportions of available materials. The optimum bitumen content of mix plans can get by the asphalt (bitumen) content and different sizes of aggregates. The use of waste material fly ash and brick dust (conventional fillers) in Bituminous mixes not only displayed maximum marshall stability, but also decrease unit weight with increasing the fixed percentage of asphalt. The various types of Fillers (cement, brick dust, fly ash, stone dust and lime) can use in the design of bituminous mix which are the waste material of different industries. The use of waste materials as a filler for reducing the material cost and also for environmental benefits. Fly ash also can be used as mineral filler in the paving applications because it has low cost than other mineral fillers. Fillers improves the rutting resistance and the durability of the mix. .
This testing has been done for the check the effect of fillers such as brick dust and fly ash in the mixes of asphalt pavement. The paper study gives the satisfying Marshall Properties result from the test with bituminous mixes prepare with brick dust and fly ash though requiring a bit high bitumen content. The fillers used in this study are to find out the solution of disposal which causes environment pollution

Keywords: Bituminous mix, Filler, Fly ash, Lime, Brick dust

02

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-007135

A FEASIBLE STUDY ON WASTE FOUNDARY SAND AND MARBLE DUST AS SAND REPLACEMENT IN PQC PAVEMENTS

N.V. Sruthi , G.Surya prakash reddy, M.S.Anantha Venkatesh · Dept of Civil Engineering SVR, Nandyala, IN

Abstract The demand of industrial by-products for pavement construction is increasing. Waste foundry sand (WFS) and marble dust creates huge scale environmental pollutants. Hence, it is necessary to prevent the environmental pollution and to use less natural sources as well as its usage in raising demand for pavement construction. The present study theme is, developing PQC mixtures using marble dust and WFS as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. In this study the effect of marble dust & WFS on strength properties of PQC are mentioned and the effect on the slab thickness of pavement for the flexural strength of the concrete mixtures incorporating marble dust and waste foundry sand (WFS) has also been observed.
This study indicates that the marble dust and WFS can be effectively replace Fine aggregate up to 20% in PQC mixtures. The highest flexural strength is achieved for the mix containing 10% marble dust and 20% WFS. The flexural strength increase is massive for mixes containing marble dust and WFS, with a combination up to certain limits of 30 to 40% in improvement of PQC. This observe not only satisfies the IRC code provisions but also saves the natural materials such as Fine aggregate.

Keywords: Pavement quality concrete, Marble dust, Waste foundary sand.

03

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-EB13B5

Soil-Structure Interaction and Seismic Performance of Semi-rigid Jointed Steel Frame - A Review

Dr. Akil Ahmed , Habibur Rahaman · Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, IN

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the kind of work has been done on the topic ‘Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Performance of Semi-rigid Jointed Steel Frame’. Large quantity of research work has already been done in this area using various methods. Nonlinear time history analysis, pushover analysis, finite element modelling and analysis etc. have been carried out by so many researchers. Nonlinear behaviour of soil base was also investigated considering influence of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) separately. But no such investigation is available which analyze seismic performance of structure considering both semi-rigid joint and SSI effect, leaving room for further studies.

Keywords: Seismic performance, steel frame, semi-rigid joint, soil-structure Interaction

04

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-058ED1

Review on Modelling of Beam-column Joints in Steel Frame Building

Dr. Akil Ahmed , Mohd Nadeem, Prof. Khalid Moin · Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India., IN

Abstract In analysis and design of a steel frame building, the structural engineers model the frame structure in anticipated software. Mostly in the modeling, the beam-column joint has not been considered semi-rigid due to its complex geometry, lack of knowledge, high computational cost and its unknown behaviour. Furthermore, the semirigid joint depends on the behaviour of moment rotation curve (M-θr). To understand the behavior, the semi-rigid joint is classified into different types. Mostly, the joint is assumed as pinned or fully rigid as a result beam-column joint is uneconomical, and has low ductility and less energy dissipation. The pinned connection implies that no moment can be transferred through beam to the column. It means that, the beam-column joint has no rotational stiffness, transfer the axial, and shear force through beam to column. For fully rigid joint, rotational behaviour is there and some moment is transferred to the column through beam. The behaviour of beam-column joint has finite stiffness and therefore it may be categorized as a semi-rigid joint. In this review paper, a study is carried out on the different types of semi-rigid joint, its moment rotation behaviour and different methods have been used for the analysis and design such as empirical, mechanical, and component methods, and finite element-based software example ABQUAS, ANYSIS, SAP2000 and STAAD Pro

Keywords: Steel frame, semi-rigid joint, moment rotation

05

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-86353D

RELIABILITY PREDICTION OF MISSILE EJECTION SYSTEM BY FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

T. Sree Vidya , T. Vijayalakshmi, S. Giridhar Rao, V. Sankar · M. Tech. Reliability Engg., student, JNTUA, CEA, AP India, IN

Abstract A Canisterised missile launch system is presented in this paper. The missile comes out of the canister and the main booster motor gets ignited in mid air. In this paper, Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) is calculated for a sub systems involved in the ejection mechanism of a missile from the canister. The suitable distribution models were selected for estimating the reliability of each sub system. It appears that so far, in the literature Fault Tree Analysis for Canisterised Missile launch system has not been dealt with. The Fault tree is constructed using BlockSim software tool from Reliasoft for the top event “Booster motor not ignited”. The MTBF values of sub systems are entered in fault tree and reliability for the defined event has been calculated. The advantages of canisterised missile system are also presented in this paper.

Keywords: Distribution models, MTBF, Fault Tree Analysis, BlockSim

06

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-A468BE

Smart Embedded Audio & Video System based on Zynq-SOC

Ananth Kumar Vissamaplli , Rani Rudarama Kodali · Electronics & Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, IN

Abstract This paper presents a unique design of software and hardware co-design for audio and video processing system. Video and audio surveillance is the major application of this work. The peripherals required for the implementation are a zynq board, an ov7670 camera module and an electret microphone. Xilinx Vivado 2018.1 and SDK 2018.1 were used to design and implement the hardware and software respectively. To display the output of camera module, a VGA monitor is interfaced with zynq soc and the audio heard by the microphone is fed to the speaker connected to the Zedboard line out/ head phone out. The application is developed using C language. By analyzing the device utilization summary, it is clear that, this system is consuming less power and low design area, designing time and will be used in real-time with good results.

Keywords: ADAU1761 codec, Electret microphone, embedded audio & video system, ov7670 camera module, Zynq 7020-SOC.

07

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-AA8A2A

A BRIEF INVESTIGATION ON THE DURABILITY STUDIES OF CONCRETE MODIFIED WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH BAGASSE ASH AND FINE AGGREGATE WITH COPPER SLAG IN CONCRETE

R. Sarath Kumar Reddy , V. Raghavachar, Dr. V. Bhaskar Desai · M-Tech Student, JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, A.P India, IN

Abstract - Present experimental program focuses on the partial replacement of OPC with 12% of sugar cane bagasse ash and natural fine aggregates with various proportions of copper slag. The use of industrial waste has focusing of research on waste reduction for environmental and economical reasons. In this investigation, a study on M25 grade of concrete with partial replacement of OPC with optimum percentage of sugar cane bagasse ash(12%) and natural fine aggregates with varying proportions(0,50,100) of copper slag is made. The cast specimens are subjected to different curing environments such as by curing in natural water and acid solutions like HCL, H2So4 and Na2So4 of 5% concentration. The strength properties calculated by various mechanical properties are studied for
natural water curing. Strength deterioration and sorptivity tests for cubes and cylinders under acid curing at the age of 28days have also been investigated.

Keywords: Sugarcane bagasse ash, copper slag, HCL, H2SO4, Na2SO4, sorptivity test and mode-II fracture.

08

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-E10176

Embedded iris data to deliver intravenous images using watermarking technology to improve mold protection in Biometric identification

Khushboo Joshi , Dr. Raghavendra Patidar, Khushal Chandra Agrawal · M.Tech Scholar Digital communication Department, Global Institute of Technology, Jaipur, IN

Abstract Identification is one of the most reliable and secure ways to identify and authenticate people. Because biometric authentication requires biometrics data for a unique feature such as iris fingerprint software, hand and face structure, etc. To be stored in data base for matching, for a person’s privacy & is uses as a template data. In this work, we utilize stenography data matching technique along with format conversion to enhance bio metric template strong, transmission & authentication security. As hand vein pattern & iris pattern does not change with aging, the some have been taken to save important characteristics such as liveliness, permanency reliability etc. Our proposed scheme applies unique biometrics security by extracting the iris template from the iris image, integrating the iris template into the delivery of the vein images, and finding the conversion of the embedded manual vein image image to an audio signal, which will be heard as noise on the listener random thus providing a multi-level safety cover To misuse the template and
intent to privacy.

Keywords: Image Stegnography, Image Audio Cryptography, Template Security, Biometric Identification, Iris Hand Vein Authentication, Watermarking, Embedding.

09

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-F50E1E

Air-Writing Recognition on GPU accelerated Neural Network Architecture

Trusha Patel , Dr. Zankhana H. Shah · Information Technology Department, B V M Engineering College, IN

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Abstract Air-writing refers to the idea of writing the characters in free-space by the movement of hand-palm or fingers, or any writing device like a pen. In this paper, we use a generic web-camera to recognize isolated characters scripted in the air with a neural network approach. Air-Scripting is performed using a circular-like object that acts as a marker of a fixed color in front of a camera. Color-based segmentation is applied to identify the center and trace its trajectory that forms a character. The recognition is carried out by Multilayer Perceptron and Convolution Neural Network approaches. The performance depends on various illumination conditions owing to color-based segmentation. In a less fluctuating lightning condition, the system is able to recognize isolated upper-case letters with a recognition rate of 91.53% and 96.66% and lower-case letters with a recognition rate of 87.42% and 89.98% for MLP and CNN respectively.

Keywords: CNN,MLP, Air-Writing, Gesture Recognition, character recognition

10

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-1768C4

A Study to the Geometric Design of Road Project Using Civil 3D

Yogesh Bajpai , Er. Atul, Shivam Pandey · PG Student Department of Civil Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, India., IN

Abstract India is a country whose population is growing rapidly, indicating that traffic is also increases. The development of rural areas also increases its means furthering of transportation facilities are also developed. The geometric design manages the dimensions and layout of visible features of the road such as alignment, sight distance, cross-section and intersections. When geometric design performed manually, it is time-consuming and highly susceptible to very costly errors. In the present time, various software are available in market such as Bentley MX Road, HEADS, AutoCAD Civil 3D, etc are used to design the geometry of road. Current patterns are adapted to the utilization of computer programs for roadway geometry design. This software provides clarity, save times and effort to a user. The purpose of this paper is on the complete study to the geometric design of road project using Civil 3D Software. Civil 3D is a software for engineering it is used for the design, plan and manage the civil engineering works. This software is generally used by experts and civil engineers. The objective of this project is to design the road alignment in a less time with high accuracy using Civil 3D. The survey data is must be necessary for road creation. By utilizing a total station study can be completed quickly and can shorten the time. Total station is utilized for import the points in Civil 3D which is as x, y, z coordinates that are easting, northing, and elevation. These coordinates of the ground data is very useful to generate the surface, design the alignment and other geometric features

Keywords: Geometric Design, Total Station, Civil 3D, Design criteria, Horizontal and Vertical alignment.

11

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-C6AC34

A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EXPANSIVE SOIL TREATED WITH VITRIFIED POLISH WASTE AND PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS SUBGRADE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

Dr. D. Koteswara Rao , K. Devivaraprasad · Professor of Civil Engineering, UCEK, JNTUK Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India., IN

Abstract Expansive soils are widely distributed approximately one-sixth of the total area of our country. Expansive soil causes great damage to infrastructure viz buildings and pavements. Mostly, these soils are covered with highly plastic and the expansive soil which is unfavorable for the construction purpose. The black cotton soils are basically prone to detrimental swell and shrinkage with variations in water content. The volume changes of soil are due to the presence of mineral montmorillonite, which shows large swelling and shrinkage. By testing the behavior of these clayey soils and embracing suitable measures to alter the properties of the subjected soil. The present study deals with the strength behavior of the expansive soil collected from Rellugadda nearby Amalapuram, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. On adding Vitrified Polish Waste as an admixture and Phosphogypsum for enhancing the strength of the subjected soil. The laboratory tests have been carried out and results were reported in the present study.

Keywords: Expansive Soil, Vitrified Polish Waste, Phosphogypsum, Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) & Maximum Dry Density (MDD), CBR

12

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-D1CEC5

High System Availability, Reliability, and Security in Cloud Environment

Jonathan Charity Talwana , Gu Chun Hua, Ulysse Rugwiro · Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering., CN

Abstract In IT industry, service provisioning is an emerging domain; in this context, cloud provisions must always be acquirable and procurable 24x7 over the internet with easy and secure access to cloud users. During accessing the cloud services, the uninterrupted availability is a significant concern for all service brokers and some of the services like recovery point, scheduling, load balancing, replicationetc, are also applied to utilize performance. Thus, besides these services, there is prospect to research middleware and infrastructure or arbitrator solutions. The primary purposes of this research presented in this paperis to develop a model-based algorithm and apalatable system approach which provides high availability for cloud resources and services. The proposed availability-based model is calculated based on cloud resource uptime and downtime. The availability of cloud is based on the actual running time of datacenter and if any fault in a server is identified, load need to migrate from faulty server to another server immediately. During this migration process, unavailability that may transpire in a server considered as downtime of that server. The goal of using Weibull distribution in this research simulation is for reliability calculation and data analysis due to its versatile accuracy. The Exponential distribution purposely applied to model the behavior of units that possess constant failure.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, High Availability, Fault Tolerance, Accessibility, Reliability.

13

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-65FEE0

Removal of Oil Spills Using Mango peels as Natural Adsorbent

Swati Singh , G. Nani Babu · PG student, Environmental Engineering and Management,SREE, Institute of Science& Technology, JNTU Kakinada., IN

Abstract Oil spills is one of the major type of pollution that is disturbing the ecosystem. Majorly oil spills occurs in the ocean due to the negligence of the human activities because generally the crude oil is transported with the help of ships where water is the main means of transportation which results in the damage of the aquatic life. In this study sorbents are used to remove the oil spills that occurred on the surface of the ocean water. Naturally available sorbent is used in this removal process namely Mango peels powder. As it is difficult to collect the oil spills sample from surface of the ocean here in this study we prepared synthetic oil solution by mixing the 5liters of crude oil into 25liters of distilled water. After the synthetic oil sample is prepared we vary the sorbent heights as 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm and plot the graph between the %removal efficiency and the bed height by maintain the constant contact
time as 20min and flow rate as 0.3mg/lit and as the column studies are going on the studies that are done in this project is Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) where the graph is plot between bed height and service time i.e. the 350ml of sample is collected and the time is measured for that 350ml which is the maximum sorption capacity of the adsorbent for different heights of different adsorbent dosage height i.e. bed depths. The efficiency for the removal of oil spills observed by using Mango peels is 94.22% and percentage removal of the oil varies from 80.92% - 94.22% at constant contact time of 20 min and flow rate of 21.6 mL/min for varying bed heights i.e. from 5cm to 30cm respectively.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Bed depth service time (BDST), Adsorption, Mango peels powder, Oil spills, Ecosystem

14

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-EB72C3

Thermal Analysis of Transformer Cooling System

Sabbireddy Sriram , B.Prasad Reddy, V. Satyanarayana · M.Tech Scholar, Department of mechanical Engineering, KITS Engineering Collage, IN

Abstract In the power distribution sectors the power transformers are very important tool to altering the voltage along with current. As well as the power transformers are very high efficient electrical device (above 90% Oil Natural and Air Natural Transformers) because there is no rotating parts. But, the load on the transformer and atmosphere temperatures are dramatically increased in the hot weather conditions. The transformer working is plays a crucial role in efficient functioning of Security, hospitals, networking, banking and industrial sectors. The age of the transformer is based on insulating material life. The load on the transformer and atmosphere temperatures is important variables that are influencing on the life of insulating material that is used in the transformer.

In this project, the enhanced natural cooling system designed by using CATIA 3D Modeling for Oil Natural and Air Natural (ONAN) Transformer to reducing the transformer hot spot temperature for increasing life of insulation. By this way, will get the increased transformer age and avoid the sudden failures.

Keywords: Include at least 5 keywords or phrases

15

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-99FCE3

Design and Thermal Analysis for Reducing the Heat Flux in Heat Sinks Used in CPU

Jami Manikanta , V. Satanarayana, M.Johnbabu Johnbabu · M.Tech Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KITS Engineering Collage, IN

Abstract The Central processing units (CPU’s) are key component of the almost all electronic gadgets that are used in all sectors like hospitals, banking and industrial sectors etc. In the CPU’s the cooling effect is obtain by the different heat sinks are mounted in that. The heat sinks are play a vital role on CPU’s performance. The effectiveness of Heat sinks are depends on the heat transfers rate and different geometries of heat sink and their materials. In this work, four different heat sink model geometries are designed with using of 3D CATIA Modeling and these models are analyzed by using ansys by changing the three different materials (AL 6061, Bronze and copper) for increasing heat transfers rate from CPU to atmosphere. Based on the results, we found the optimum geometry and best materials for designing the heat sink.

Keywords: Include at least 5 keywords or phrases

16

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-35BD0F

Automated Hybrid Algorithms for MRI Image Processing (Registration, Tumor Detection & Classification, Segmentation)

Ruchi Kumari Garg , Mr. Subhash Chandra · M.Tech Computer Science Department, Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur, IN

Abstract MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is on indispensible diagnostics tool in medical science, especially in the diagnostics of diseases & ailments of human brain. MRI is unsophisticated medical imaging technique used to produce high quality image slices of human brain, which when combined form a 3-D picture of the brain. MRI imaging is widely used for diagnostics & detection of brain tumor due to its high resolution & capability to show brain structure, tumor’s size location. The author has proposed hybrid algorithms employing image processing techniques on MRI image for tumor detection & classification. Coefficient in top, down & left, right (horizontal) traversal of image is complete to localize the tumor maximum & fuzzy logic identifies the part of brain affected & generates a list of symptoms & prognosis.

Keywords: Tumor, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuzzy logic, Tumor detection, Artificial Intelligence.

17

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-16832D

Dimensional Modelling and Analysis of Automotive Master Cylinder

Kakarapalli Ramprasad , Y. Dhanasehekar, V. Satyanarayana · M.Tech Scholar, Department of mechanical Engineering, KITS Engineering Collage, IN

Abstract In the entire braking system master cylinder is the key role component for a hydraulic braking system which controls the complete braking system. A reservoir is arranged to store the brake oil in the master cylinder. As the lubricating oil is in a closed circuit, the pulling force applied by the braking pedal is changes into the hydraulic pressure and it is then distributed to the entire brake unit. The master cylinder had a cylinder formed reservoir and it is made with molded plastics in a single piece. In this thesis, a master cylinder is designed and done the optimization for the stress and heat affected areas using CATIA 3D Modelling and simulated by ANSYS software.

Keywords: include at least 5 keywords or phrases

18

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-A38AEA

Digital Image Enhancement Using Hybridization of Wavelet De-noising & User Customizable Image Enhancement with TSV Constraine Blur

Subhash Chand Saini , Gori Shankar Sharma, Dr.Bharat Bhushan Jain · Research Scholar,Deptt. of ECE, Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas, Jaipur, IN

Abstract Digital image processing is gaining wide spread popularity in the last decade & is set to become the driving technology in future automation & robotics application in conjunction with artificial intelligence. One of the primary challenges of digital image processing are the quality of input images & various finds of noise sources being present disturb the image quality & may render image processing algorithms partially in accurate or totally unusable depend upon the type of algorithm used & noise induced. Thus it is imperation to device a noval method to counter man uniform & heavy noise from input image. This work present a unique method of hybridization of wavelet based de-noising with various variable user customization. Another challenge of faced by de-noising
algorithms numerous iteration without significant improvement after a number of threshold iterations this causes a lot of computational power to be wasted the method presented provides method to control maximum iteration using total variation constrain & maximum number of iterations permissible the algorithm stops whichever of the two accurse earlies. User adjustable parameter is available for image enhancement & various types of noise filters in conjunction with wavelet de-noising & TSV constrained motion blur removal.
19

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-FFB27F

PLANNING, DESIGNING AND PROPOSING A FLYOVER ROAD USING AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D SOFTWARE

Shivam Pandey , Er. Atul, Yogesh Bajpai · PG Student Department of Civil Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, India., IN

Abstract With the increase in population, there is a continuous increase in the number of vehicles on the road. This increase in the number of vehicles also increases the chances of congestion at the road intersections which harms the normal traffic flow on road. Hence, to tackle the problem of road congestion at intersections a flyover must be built with proper designing. A Flyover can reduce the density of the traffic at the intersections by deviating the vehicles to the Flyover Road from the intersection area, under the flyover. This paper explores the designing procedures of Intersection and Flyover Road using the AutoCAD Civil 3D software. The AutoCAD Civil 3D software is used by the civil engineer professionals in the planning and designing of their projects. This software plays a very vital role in the designing process as it gives a 3D perspective view to the viewer which helps in a better understanding of the project. By using different features of the AutoCAD CIVIL3D software we can generate the total cut fill, Volume Report Sheets, etc. of that particular study area. The motive of designing of the flyover Road using the software AutoCAD Civil 3D is to get the maximum efficiency in the flow of the traffic by the use of accurate geometric design standards in a short duration of time.

Keywords: Flyover Road, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Road Intersection, Cutting and Filling Report, Volume Report

20

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-38C59A

LASER INTERACTION STUDIES ON NANO POWDER CALCIUM CARBONATE (CaCO3)

Jency Daline , N. Ravi · M.Phil.Physics, St.Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Trichy-2, IN

Abstract The study of Nanoparticles with laser plays an important and major role in the material processing nowadays. In material processing the semiconducting materials with metal oxide have low cost. The effect of He-Ne laser and Diode laser irradiation of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were observed. 0.5 g of CaCO3 nanoparticle powder with different laser exposures has been chosen as samples for investigation. The irradiation timings were 10 minutes and 20 minutes for each laser. Using UV-Vis Spectrometer, absorbance and transmittance has been measured. Also the energy band gap has been calculated. The band gap energy for the sample irradiated with He-Ne laser and Diode laser increases with increase in temperature. The functional groups for various peaks
have been identified and the presence of CaCO3 has been confirmed using FTIR Spectroscopy. Using DLS Spectra the particle size distribution of CaCO3 nanoparticle has been revealed that the size ranges from 2.1nm to 268.9nm. From the Fluorescence Spectroscopy the emission and absorption spectrum of the sample has been recorded at room temperature with an excitation wavelength (λexc) from 569.60 nm to 570.36 nm. The crystalline size ranges 34.37 nm to 35.97 nm and Rhombohedral Structure of the samples has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. The Rhombohedral structure of the CaCO3 nanoparticle has been revealed by SEM analysis also the particle size varies from 106.9nm to 122.9nm (without laser S1), 88.31nm to 101.6nm (He-Ne laser 20mins S3) and 64.66nm to 103.6nm (Diode laser 20mins S5).

Keywords: CaCO3nanoparticle, He-Ne laser, Diode laser, UV, FTIR, DLS, Fluorescence, XRD and SEM

21

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-6408CD

EFFECT OF HE-NE AND DIODE LASER INDUCED NANOPOWDER ZINC SULFIDE (ZnS)

J. Thabithal , N. Ravi · M.Phil.Physics, St.Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Trichy-2., IN

Abstract Materials have unique optical, electronic or mechanical properties, with the structure at the nano scale. The major advantage of laser processing is that it produces a better quality product with minimum distortion at a high rate. In this work we investigated the nanopowder zinc sulfide and its dealing with He-Ne laser and Diode laser are studied. Zinc sulfide or Zinc sulphide (ZnS) is an inorganic compound , where it mainly occurs in the minerals sphalerite and wurtzite. Both sphalerite and wurtzite are intrinsic, wide band gap semiconductors. ZnS is white in color and it is transparent. In this study, we record the impact of laser processing nanopowder zinc sulfide. The laser irradiated samples are characterized and identified by UV-visible absorption, FTIR spectra, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, DLS studies, SEM and X-ray diffraction. In the UV visible spectrum, it certified the presence of ZnS with the average band gap energy 6.14-6.34 eV. From the analysis of XRD and SEM we can say that the nano particle ZnS has the tetrahedral structure and crystalline size in the range of 24.79 nm to 35.04 nm (XRD) and approximately 200 nm diameters and more than 1 µm in length (SEM). From the DLS studies the particle size varies from 93.7 nm to 142.9 nm. At room temperature the excitation wavelength (λexc) varies between 570.00 nm and 570.29 nm from Fluorescence spectroscopy studies. In the FTIR spectra it has been found various functional groups present in the ZnS. The results of XRD and SEM are nearly equal values.

Keywords: ZnS, He-Ne laser, Diode laser, FTIR, UV, XRD, DLS, Fluorescence and SEM.

22

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-19C1DB

Inti-AR-i: Designing Living room using Augmented Reality based on Markerless Technique

Harsh Shah , Harshal Tarmale, Kalpesh Sapkal, Ankit Sagar · Department of Information Technology, Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, IN

Abstract Large advancements are being made in the digital world, but the digital architecture is unable to cope up with it. In traditional interior designing scenario, customer has to visualize the look and feel of the furniture design in particular room unless he/she has very strong visualization skill. The customer is not able to effectively articulate his idea to the designer. Augmented Reality can bridge the gap between what the customer thinks and what he communicates to the designer. This paper focuses on narrowing the gap of interaction between the client and the designer. We are providing them with an Interior designing application that resembles the real-world scenario in the augmented world without actually buying the furniture for living room. The user can portray the 3D virtual objects in
the living room with the help of dynamic user interface.

Keywords: Augmented Reality (AR), Marker-less Technique, 3D Object Models, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), Living Room, Interior Design

23

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-789EA7

SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF TUBE IN TUBE STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRACINGS

Adil G Khatri , Rupali Goud, Gaurav Awasthi, Kirti Gupta · M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, SVVV University Indore, IN

Abstract The demand of tall buildings is increasing due to increasing population and less availability of land.Tubular structure is a structural system for tall buildings.The main concept of tubular structures is that building is designed in such a way that it acts like a hollow cantilever which is perpendicular to the ground. Tubular structures are of different types of in which tube in tube structure is more suitable for tall buildings. A tube in tube structure consists of two tubes i.e. outer tube and inner tube which are connected by floor slab.The inner tube is shear wall and the outer tube have columns.Since the inner tube is a shear wall, it has an advantage of column free surface.The outer tube carries the lateral loads.Tubular structure is a better structural system because it have less storey displacement and story drift.In this study we will analyse a 30 storey tube in tube structure with different types of bracings like diagonal,X and V bracing by response spectrum analysis on ETABS 2016 software and we will compare the values of storey displacement,storey drift and storey shear.

Keywords: Tube in Tube structures, Shear Wall, Storey Displacement, Storey drift, Storey Shear.

24

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-12EEC0

SOIL STABILIZATION USING POLYPROPYLENE FIBER AND BAGASSE ASH – A REV

Jai Parkash , Vinod Kumar Sonthwal · M. Tech Scholar, Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Sector 26, Chandigarh, IN

Abstract In a well-organized environment, disposal of waste poses a great threat as regards where and how to effectively dispose the waste material without any harmful effect to society. Waste material fibers combine with polypropylene fibers are used to enhance soil strength that has attracted much research interest in the past decade [1]. In this paper the strength properties of soil blocks have been investigated by adding sugarcane bagasse fibers and polypropylene fibers in soil [2]. It was found that by utilization of an optimum of sugarcane bagasse fibers in the soil matrix improved the strength properties of the soil blocks.

Keywords: soil blocks; sugarcane bagasse fibers; Polypropylene; environment; waste material.

25

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-CE0F74

Study on Factors Affecting Pedestrian Crashes in Visakhapatnam Urban Area Using GIS

Dinesh Gulivindala , G Srinivasa Rao, P Sanyasi Naidu, Dr. NC Anil · PG Student, Civil Engineering & Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, IN

Abstract In the past few years, pedestrian crashes have been are increasing in most of the developing countries, including India. Because of the quick urbanization increment in the vehicular rush hour gridlock, people on foot in urban areas need to search for space for development on streets, especially while crossing at mid squares. There are many factors that cause pedestrian crashes. Among that, roadway and traffic conditions, vehicle and driver characteristics, physical environment conditions, pedestrian behavior, other surrounding variables etc. By analysing these factors, we can reduce the number of accidents. The present study is to identify the factors which are influencing the mid-block pedestrian crashes and to develop regression models, which predict the pedestrian crashes. The crash data is collected for the different mid-blocks of the selected segments. Data was collected for the years
2014-2016 from Visakhapatnam city police stations in terms of total number of pedestrian crashes, fatal pedestrian crashes, number of non-fatal crashes, number of day time and night time crashes. This thesis also describes the effective usage of traffic police data in a Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis and interpretation. The road network of the city National Highway(NH)16 stretch from Tagarapuvalasa to Lankelapalem was created by using Google earth for Visakhapatnam city and then imported as a shape file in ArcGIS. Later with the help of Arc Map, the final location of accident has been determined. Every possible attempt has been made to locate the accident spot in terms of latitude and longitude as accurate as possible. These maps are output from ArcGIS software and
these maps also helped to decide whether the crash is on mid-block or on intersection by GIS query. After that Traffic safety audit was conducted in order to identifying the factors affecting pedestrian crashes. In this audit all the midblock sections of entire stretch was surveyed by observing number of bus stops, number of pedestrian crossings, type of land use, speed limits, number of side access roads etc. These data are analysed, and a Multiple Linear Regression model, Poisson model is developed by using various mid-block crash parameters. The model was to developed to show the relation between crash rate and various mid-bock parameters from regression analysis.

Keywords: Mid block pedestrian crashes, urban city, GIS, Multiple linear regression, Poissson regression.

26

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-89A294

Analysis and Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4GHz ISM Band and WLAN Application

Anushree Arun , Anurag Singh · Department of ECE, SRM University Modinagar, IN

Abstract In this paper, a high gain rectangular patch antenna is presented for S-band application. The dimensions of rectangular patch antenna are optimized to obtain the desired result and coaxial feed is used to improve the gain and surface wave excitation. The proposed antenna is simulated at resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz. FR4 glass epoxy substrate with thickness of 1.6mm is used in this design. The simulated design exhibits high gain of 6.9dbi and reflection coefficient is below -17db in the entire range of operation and designed antenna can be used for ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band and WLAN applications. It also exhibits qualities like low profile, low cost, easy fabrication and good isolation. Themicrostrip patch antenna is designed by using Ansoft HFSSV13 simulation software.

Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna, high gain, radiation pattern, S-band application.

27

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-36E25F

Intelligent Street Light Control Management Using GSM

Mayuri Bapat · Assistant Professor, MIT Arts Commerce & Science College Alandi (D.), Pune, Maharashtra., IN

Abstract Efficient use of electricity is very important. This paper focuses an idea in which we remotely operate street lights using GSM. This research proved that by using Wireless sensors to operate the street lights less electricity get consumed as compared to keeping street lights continuously ON.
28

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-5AE3B1

Application of GIS in Transit Planning - A Case Study of Kakinada City

Devakivada Dhanalakshmi , Dr. NC Anil, P Sanyasi Naidu · PG Student, Civil Engineering & Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, IN

Abstract In today’s highly dynamic and complex world, information has become a critical resource for effective and efficient management of different organisations. Information technology in its various forms is enabling organisation to churn raw data into meaningful information for effective decision-making. In this era of information technology GIS has emerged as a versatile tool. GIS is a particular coordinated arrangement of hardware, programming and technique designed to help capture, management, control, investigation and show of spatially referenced information for tackling complex arranging and the board issues. It has been utilized for coordination of spatially and non spatial information. It very well may be connected to different services that are reliant on network like water supply, Power supply, sewage, and so on. So it could be of extraordinary assistance for transportation, engineering and arranging additionally a nation's transportation framework speaks to improvement of the nation. And yet, profoundly created nations are facing higher issues of transportation management and spending lots of currency and exertion for tackling those issues. Developing traffic congestion, the need to save nature and the issues of road security are the primary explanations behind numerous urban communities worldwide to consider new activities in public transit systems. The complexities of structure and working the transport system proficiency and securely have out-stripped the capacity of past experience and professional judgment alone to give arrangements. In the event that a nation is to fulfill the transport infrastructure prerequisite in consonance to its formative pace, decisions must be founded on a progressively solid, updated, relevant, effectively available and affordable data. Better data does not guarantee exact decision making capability but its absence definitely precludes it. The purpose of GIS to a diverse range of troubles in transportation engineering is now well recognized. The main aim is to provide good Transit facilities to the citizens which could maintain a healthy transit system in a economic way. There can be lot of advancements in the system but it have to be carried in stages according to the availability of resources and system should be updated according to the situations.

The main objective is
•To assess the ampleness transport routs and transport stops for the residents of the district. This is controlled by creatingbuffer zones around the sides of the streets on account of the transport routes and around given points on account of transport stops.
•To prescribe change plans to specific routes or stops relying upon the degree of adequacy in the two facilites. It is pointed that the level of a land-use cover inside certain cushion zones in the area can help in deciding the acknowledgment or the dismissal of two suppositions identified with such an adequacy.
For the study area Kakinada which was located in East Godavari dist. of Andhrapradesh. The city falls under coordinate system 16°57′N Latitude and 82°15′E Longitude.

Keywords: GIS, Transit Planning, Kakinada City, Information Technology, Transportation Engineering,

29

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-6BF40A

Enhanced QR Code Covert Communication with Dual Security & Robust Detection

Tarun Kumar Bhandari , Luv Sharma, Khushal Chandra Agrawal · M.Tech Electronics And Communication, S.S College of Engineering, Udaipur, IN

Abstract Covert communication is the backbone of intelligence fraternity with the rapid advancement in technology, newer & innovative methods of covert communication are required QR code is a rapidly emerging technique for communication of small data such as web links, address, location, any short text or small Images / Logos. QR Code also provide the advantages of being electronically readable specially through mobile phone camera and mobile phone has become an indispensible part of modern life, a covert communication system based on QR Code is highly anticipated. The author has proposed a highly secure QR Code communication system with dual security employing mixed key Cryptography & attack resistant watermarking techniques. Also the author proposes to test the system with various types of image attack & their results on recovered QR Codes & their readability on mobile devices.

Keywords: Enhanced QR Code, Covert Communication, Cryptography, Watermarking, Robust Detection.

30

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-443C5C

DESIGNING OF ROTARY INTERSECTION USING AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D SOFTWARE

Akhilendra Bahadur Singh , Dr. R.K. Pandey, Er. Atul, Shivam Pandey · PG Student Department of Civil Engineering, Vaugh Institute of Agriculture Engineering and Technology Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science, Prayagraj, U.P, India., IN

Abstract The problem of transportation has been going on for centuries. A lot of improvements have also been made in it. Highways have been built to make transportation easy and convenient so that one can easily go anywhere and easily accessible from one place to another. Vehicles run very fast on the highway, due to the speed, there is an accident and a problem of jam. To make it work, intersection is described in this paper about rotary intersection. Traffic and accidents can be reduced by making rotary intersections. Due to the intersection, the pedestrian will also be able to cross the road. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how easily and accurately rotary intersection design can be performed in a very short period of time.
The intersection design process using AutoCAD Civil 3D is presented. Manual intersection design of the same road has also been demonstrated. In this paper, I am designing Intersection with the help of AutoCAD Civil 3D software. Due to AutoCAD Civil 3D, you can design good intersection in less time and in less money. Manual design takes a lot of time and a lot of money and accurate reports are not available. AutoCAD Civil 3D is very used in the future. Today, AutoCAD Civil 3D software is being used for road design so that we can do good design in less time and less money. This helps visualize the design in the 3D scene, reducing time and budget. It also has a lot of benefits of using AutoCAD civil 3D.

Keywords: Highway, Rotary Intersection, AutoCAD Civil 3D, Cutting and Filling Report, Volume Report

31

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-91E261

A Comparative study on Seismic Analysis and Behaviour of Multi-Story Building Using IS 1893:2002 and IS 1893:2016

Hari Shankar , Shubhranshu Jaiswal Jaiswal · PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Babu Banarsi Das University, U.P., INDIA., IN

Abstract The purpose of this research work is to compare the behaviour of Multi-storey building using IS 1893:2002(CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES) and IS 1893:2016(CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES) for various parameters such as storey drift, stiffness, base shear, max storey displacement, etc. This will be done using ETABS 16.2 and ETABS 17.1 version software. ETABS 16.2 is based on IS 1893:2002 and ETABS 17.1 is based on IS 1893:2016. In new Code (IS 1893:2016) many modifications have been done considering standard and practice existing in India, such modification are done in various sections such as importance factor, design acceleration spectrum, soft storey, weak storey etc. In this paper analysis of G+14 Multi-storey building is done under seismic loading and the result outcomes are compared using both seismic codes (IS 1893:2002 and IS 1893:2016.The aim of this research paper is to observe the response of multi-storey building under the modified values or parameters as per new version of seismic code ( IS 1893:2016). This will help us to understand the behaviour of structure as per latest design criteria and codal values.

Keywords: IS 1893:2002, IS 1893:2016, RC multi-story structure, ETABS 16.2, ETABS 17.2, Seismic Analysis, Revised clauses

32

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-E12A82

Design Analysis and Optimization of a Wheel Rim

B. Venkat Vinay Kumar , Dr. K. Devaki Devi · Student ME (CAD/CAM), Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College, KurnoolAndhra Pradesh, India, IN

Abstract The motivation behind the vehicle wheel rim is to give a firm base to fit the tire. Its dimensions and shape should be suitable to adequately accommodate the particular tire required for the vehicle. Design is an important industrial activity which influences the quality of the product. The present work focuses on the design of wheel rim and to analyze for optimum shape and dimensions. The design of the rim will carried out using CREO (modelling software) and ANSYS solver mode is used to analyze the design and calculate the stresses, deflections, bending moments and their relations. Also static structural analysis has been carried out and the performance of the rim has been checked in dynamic analysis. At present literature is being reviewed to identify the existing gaps in order to carry forward to the proposed work by filling those gaps. Change of material (as well as compositions) and topology is
under study.

Keywords: Wheel Rim, Static Structural Analysis, Modal Analysis, Materials, CREO, and Ansys.

33

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-6C9733

Characterization and Performance of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Composite Material Blades

K. Kartheek Kiran Kumar , G. Sankaraiah · Department of Mechanical Engineering G Pulla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India., IN

Abstract Wind turbine blades keep on being the objective of mechanical upgrades by the utilization of better structures, materials, assembling, investigation and testing. Wind energy has pulled in a lot of consideration as of late as one of the possible option sustainable power source assets. Nearly of the neighborhood innovative work exercises in this field were coordinated to investigate, create, and ideal usage of energy systems.

The opportunity has arrived to create a usable innovation which will expand the local share in an inevitably emerging wind energy industry as the size of turbines has grown over the past decade, architects have limited the related development in sharp blades weight to not exactly would have been possible through straightforward scaling up of past approaches.

Assembling patterns and structure drivers are displayed, similar to the manners in which these plan drivers have changed. One material i.e, framework (polyester) ties together a lot of filaments or the sections of an a lot more grounded material and the subsequent material (the support) surround’s these fibers. Some potential headings for future sharp blade design choices will be introduced in present paper.

These wind blade samples are utilized for examining of various air speeds and various parameters of wind turbine, for example, power developed by turbine, power created by wind, power co-efficient, speed of wind turbine are determined and contrasted and existing materials utilized in wind turbine sharp blades.

Keywords: Flax fiber, Hand-layup fabrication technique, power created by wind turbine, power developed by wind, speed of wind turbine, power coefficient.

34

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-B3DD4F

FABRICATION & TESTING OF HYBRID FIBER WITH EPOXY COMPOSITE

C.Bala Madhu , E.Venugopal Goud · Department of Mechanical Engineering G Pulla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Kurnool, A.P, India, IN

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Abstract Now a days, the usage of natural fiber reinforced composites are growing rapidly due to the need to protect our environment. Due to the very fast growth in technology it is necessary to stop the materials which are harmful to environment. Natural fibers like flax, jute, coir, bamboo and many other natural fibers are used in making composite materials, which are eco-friendly. In this experimental study, natural fiber flax material is reinforced with carbon fiber and glass fiber. The mechanical properties of these composites, such as flexural, tensile, compression and impact tests are evaluated through universal testing machine and IZOD impact testing machine for impact tests. The composite (carbon + flax + carbon) can withstand the maximum flexural stress 539.03MPa and the maximum tensile
stress of 232.77 MPa. The composite (glass + flax + glass) can withstand the maximum compression stress of 146.85 MPa and the maximum load of 10.2 joules.

Keywords: Composite, glass fiber, carbon fiber, flax fiber, epoxy, hardener, flexural stress, tensile stress, compression stress and impact test.

35

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-DF69A9

Analysis on Different Metal Strategies for Clock Tree Synthesis

Repudi Veerendra Kumar , Gummididala Venkata Rao · M.tech. VLSI & EMBEDDED,student,LBRCE,mylavaram,Vijayawada., IN

Abstract Clock Tree Synthesis is playing a vital role in physical design, distributing clock nets to all the sync points and balancing skew and insertion delay at the same instance to meeting the time. To balance insertion delay and skew, different methods will follow like adding buffers, inverters, up sizing, down sizing cells in the clock network. For routing these clock tree also we can use different metal strategies for balancing skew and insertion delay This paper mainly analyses that how the clock tree effect for different metal strategies utilized for routing and effect on skew and insertion delay by using the tool CADENCE ENCOUNTER.

Keywords: CTS, ROUTING, STA, VLSI, PHYSICAL DESIGN

36

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-B86AB1

A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF STRENGTHS OF CEMENT REPLACED WITH FLYASH & FINE AGREEGATE REPLACED WITH COPPER SLAG

B. Rama Krishna , L. Mary · Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, Amrita Sai Institute of Science & Technology, Paritala, A.P, IN

Abstract Concrete is being widely used for the construction of most of buildings, bridges etc. Hence it has been properly labelled as the backbone to the infrastructure development of a nation. Cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are the main ingredients of concrete. Investigations are carried out to explore the possibility of using fly ash and copper slag as a partial replacement of cement and sand in concrete mixtures. The effects of replacing cement and fine aggregate by flash and copper slag on the compressive strength of cubes, spilt tensile strength of cylinders and flexural behaviour of beams are evaluated in this work. Six test groups are constituted with the replacement percentages of 0% (Control) 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% copper slag with sand in each series and 15% of cement replaced by fly ash except control specimen. The results showed the effect of fly ash and copper slag on concrete
cubes, cylinders and RCC beams has a considerable amount of increase in the compressive, spilt tensile strength and flexural behaviour characteristics.

Keywords: Copper slag, fly ash , fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, cement, compressive strength, spilt tensile strength, flexural strength.

37

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-855D60

Analysis on different algorithms used for optimizing the dead space

Ganugaphati Venkata Sai Mohan , Venkat Rao Ganjanaboyina · Electronics and Communication Engineering, LakiReddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, INDIA, IN

Abstract Floor plan is the main step in physical design for build an Integrated circuit. The goal of floor plan is to optimize the area, interconnection between the modules and minimize the dead space. In latest technologies of vlsi, one of the major problem is more dead space in the design. There are various different algorithms used to minimize the dead space in top level as well as block level to manufacture an integrated circuit chip. In this paper, we analysis on different algorithms used to minimize the dead space for a good floor plan.

Keywords: vlsi, floor plan, dead space, physical design.

38

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-BBF8C6

PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS

Meet Maru , Aalisha Visaria, Jagrut Savani, Yash Karwa, Harshvardhan Thakkar, Dr. A. A. Bage · Btech Student, Civil Engineering Dept., Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract With the increase in the height of a structure, the performance and conceptual design is governed by lateral loads. Traditionally, linear elastic methods have been found satisfactory in analysis and design of the structure assuming its elastic behaviour but its limitations have been recognized in predicting the ductile behaviour of the structure, as during an earthquake. Further development led to the importance of dynamic over static design concepts to understand non-linear behaviour of the structures emerged. Even though the dynamic methods were more efficient, they were more exhaustive and cumbersome to apply, discouraging many from using them. In lieu of the limitation stated above, the many jurisdictions allow designs using alternative procedures (based on the established principles of engineering mechanics and based on the current prescriptive provisions). One such alternative approach is opting for
―Performance Based Design‖ which uses rational analysis to demonstrate serviceability and safety objectives of Tall Buildings intended by the prescriptive codes. In this work, two structural systems namely, gravity frame with core (system 1) and moment frame with core (system 2) have been analyzed, designed and compared based on the various seismic parameters.

Keywords: Performance based seismic design (PBSD), shear core wall, moment frame, gravity frame, storey displacement, storey drift, storey shear, base shear, hinge results

39

Vol.5, Issue 8 · Issue 8 2019 · ID: IJT-2021-C896D1

SOUTH WEST MONSOON MONTHLY MEAN WIND SPEED TREND IN VARIOUS PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGION OF KERALA

Anie S S · Lecturer in Physics, Christian College, Kattakada, IN

Abstract In order to understand the impact of climate change over Kerala select cities Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam and Kannur, a study has been extended over the long term meterological data such as windspeed. A period twelve years beginning 2000 has been chosen. The method of linear trend model has been used for the study. From the result of study overall trend of windspeed starts decreasing throughout the study period. It is inferred that decreasing trend in Windspped could be attributed to climate change.

Keywords: Windspeed, linear trend Model, Climate change, Kerala, South West monsoon

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